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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!* Z p Y. p9 m5 C+ }4 K. v
1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:4 @2 g& [! W' C7 w. y; {
* e5 T8 |$ b: r' `' ?8 f The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
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+ C. y8 {* ^3 `4 O: v1 l0 } The point to note here…
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; w5 b5 l$ M1 d6 P8 @0 I5 d/ H 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
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$ R7 b" ^. v% k l' b1 [6 ^4 ~ There are three major reasons…
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3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:
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# W4 P7 E7 j' A! J' [! Y The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。2 T# L/ b2 C2 W- u/ c% p3 [
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
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I! s* v+ I \8 h A2 W/ [6 P 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:& P0 h& d2 _) k1 G# w4 z' ^* L
7 k m5 }% T" T3 j/ O Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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0 W$ Q: J+ U' C! }, r7 T) j 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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Therefore/the result
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In conclusion/we can conclude5 h8 z. K0 i# y5 U
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One of the primary conclusions: B% }! g* b' G- |, O3 a$ J- o
`$ L3 n: [9 c 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。1 R& F8 ~, ?- [0 C$ v* o" v+ n1 W
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For example/instancelike! Z7 o7 S' M# n( Z# D8 X$ {7 j& C
1 V7 f0 U+ n6 v. _( a& p Such as these include
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To illustrate among these are3 g* [. T5 p# m' a
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有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:0 ?; z$ a0 w) [" [1 Q5 T
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The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…) _* c8 K% n1 f3 Q% x
# d/ ]! h, x0 e& K. P7 Z 在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:4 e4 B. a2 ]6 n7 C- S9 J% h
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The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。
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0 M0 G7 m/ q" o0 n Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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